A transformer is an essential device for power transmission in electric energy. The transformer plays a crucial role in transforming or changing high voltage electricity to a low voltage to make it safer for use in homes and industries.
Transformers have revolutionized the way we use and transmit electricity, making the power supply more efficient and safe. This article will discuss the working principle, types, and diagrams of transformers.
Working Principle of a Transformer
A transformer works at alternating current, meaning that the current flows in both directions. It consists of a magnetic iron core encircled by two or more copper wires, one of which is the primary, while the other is the secondary coil.
The primary coil connects to a source of alternating current electrical energy, which is usually at high voltage. The secondary coil then connects to a lower voltage circuit supplying power to homes and industries.
When electrical energy flows through the primary coil, it creates a magnetic field around the iron core. The magnetic field then cuts through the secondary coil, inducing electrical energy in its wire.
The ratio between the number of turns between the primary and secondary coil determines the voltage and current output of the transformer. If the secondary coil has twice the number of turns as the primary, the voltage in the secondary circuit is half that of the primary circuit.
Types of Transformers
Transformers can be classified into different types depending on their usage, composition, and cooling mechanism. Below are some of the common types of transformers:
1. Power Transformers
A power transformer is used for high voltage power transmission in electric energy utility companies. The transformers are manufactured with several coils of copper wire and a core made of laminated iron.
2. Distribution Transformers
Distribution transformers are used to reduce voltage in the electric utility's distribution network to a lower level, making it safer for use in homes and industries. The transformers usually have small copper wires and are less expensive than power transformers.
3. Auto Transformers
An auto-transformer has one winding connected to both the primary and secondary coils, making it smaller, lighter, and more cost-effective than a traditional transformer.
4. Isolation Transformers
An isolation transformer is used to isolate sensitive electrical equipment and instruments from electrical noise or voltage fluctuations that can cause errors or damages.
5. Dry Type Transformers
Dry type transformers are usually designed as a cast resin or epoxy resin transformer, making it environmental friendly, energy efficient, and suitable for installation in small spaces.
Transformers Diagram
A transformer diagram is a representation of the connection between the primary and secondary windings in a transformer. A typical transformer diagram has two lines representing the primary and secondary coils, parallel and adjacent to each other.
Conclusion
Transformers are important devices for safe and efficient power transmission in homes and industries. The transformer's working principle is based on the electromagnetic induction of the magnetic field between copper wires and an iron core.
Transformers come in various types, including power transformers, distribution transformers, auto-transformers, isolation transformers, and dry-type transformers.
In summary, if you're looking for a safe and efficient way to transmit electricity, a transformer with a copper core is the way to go.